SUMMARY:

The West Papuan People’s Petition calling for self-determination, signed by 1.8 million West Papuans, is handed to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights with official support of Vanuatu government;
Concern over thousands of displaced Papuans as a result of Indonesian military operations in Nduga Regency;
Chemical weapons deployed by Indonesian military.

TEXT:

West Papuan leader, Benny Wenda, today handed in a petition to the UN calling for self-determination for West Papua signed by 1.8 million West Papuans. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, received the petition in a meeting facilitated by the government of Vanuatu, amidst growing international concern over chemical weapons use during Indonesia’s latest round of military and police operations in the occupied territory.

The West Papuan People’s Petition to the United Nations, signed by around 70% of the West Papuan population across several months in 2017, resulted in the arrest and imprisonment of key Papuan activists. Yanto Awerkion, a local leader of the West Papua National Committee (KNPB), was held in jail for eight months without trial for supporting the petition.

Benny Wenda, Chairman of the United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP), described the meeting – organised with the official assistance of the government of Vanuatu – as ‘great moment of victory’ for the West Papuan self-determination struggle.

Since the petition was completed in 2017, Indonesian state repression of the West Papuans has continued to grow. New heights were reached in December 2018 when, following clashes over the construction of the huge Trans-Papua Highway, Indonesia launched a new military and police offensive in the Nduga Regency, using chemical weapons against Papuan civilians.

According to the United Liberation Movement for West Papua, over 20,000 Papuans have been affected by the operations, and a dozen Papuans have died already, including three children.

The International Lawyers for West Papua has stated: ‘Indonesia has been historically associated with the use of explosive and chemical weapons, specifically in West Papua […] the Indonesian military is not only capable of possessing chemical weapons, but it is also prone to use them against civilians residing in remote areas’.

The latest intensification of the conflict has been used by Indonesia as a pretext to crack down on freedom of expression. The offices of the KNPB and ULMWP in West Papua has been raided in the last month, and key activists arrested. Five ULMWP activists arrested during a raid on January 15 remain behind bars, reportedly because the authorities discovered their involvement in the West Papuan People’s Petition in 2017.1

As Mr Wenda put it following the meeting, ‘The right to self-determination has been denied to us for over 50 years […] Our future is not safe under Indonesian occupation. The only solution is for us to be given the referendum we were promised.’

BACKGROUND:

West Papua, a former Dutch territory, was invaded and colonised by Indonesia in 1963. The take-over was legitimated by a fraudulent vote in 1969, the ‘Act of Free Choice’, which has been condemned by legal experts, contemporaneous diplomats and third party observers as ‘a substantial denial of self-determination, a pseudo-choice, a charade and a substantive betrayal of the principle of self-determination’.1 Just over 1,000 Papuan were hand-picked by the Indonesian state and threatened, intimidated and bribed into voting for incorporation into Indonesia.2

Since then, well over 100,000 and perhaps over 500,000 Papuans have died.3 Torture is a ‘mode of governance’ in territory and mass arrests a common occurrence.4 In 2016, Geneva for Human Rights initiated an Early Warning Appeal to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination due to a ‘threat to the Papuan peoples’ existence and survival as a culture and ethnic entity’. West Papuans are Melanesian, culturally, ethnically and linguistically distinct from the rest of the Indonesian archipelago, and harbour a deeply-held desire to become an independent nation-state.

In 2014, the West Papuan representative groups unified under the United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP). In 2017, Benny Wenda was made Chairman of the ULMWP.

The West Papuan People’s Petition calls upon the United Nations General Assembly, Decolonisation Committee and Human Rights Council to: ‘urgently address the human rights situation in West Papua and to review the UN’s involvement in the administration of West Papua that led to its unlawful annexation by Indonesia and the human rights abuse that continues today [and] appoint a Special Representative to investigate the human rights situation in West Papua; put West Papua back on the Decolonisation Committee agenda and ensure our right to self-determination denied to us in 1969 is respected by holding an Internationally Supervised Vote (in accordance with UN General Assembly Resolutions 1514 and 1541 (XV)).’

References:

1Cassese, A. (1998), Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

2Saltford, J. (2003), The United Nations and the Indonesian Takeover of West Papua, 1962-1969: The anatomy of betrayal, RoutledgeCurzon: Oxon.

3See Anderson, K. (2015), ‘Colonialism and Cold Genocide: The Case of West Papua’, Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal, 9(2), p.14; Elmslie, J. (2007), West Papua: Paths to Justice and Prosperity, University of Sydney: Sydney; http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/03/201232172539145809.html.

4Hernawan, B. (2015), ‘Torture as a Mode of Governance: Reflections on the Phenomenon of Torture in Papua, Indonesia’, in (eds.) Slama, M. & Munro, J., From ‘Stone-Age’ to ‘Real-Time’: Exploring Papuan Temporalities, Mobilities and Religiosities, ANU Press: Canberra, p.197, 201-2; International Coalition for Papua (2017), Human Rights in West Papua 2017, Wuppertal: ICP.

1 The five activists are: I) Allen Halitopo, ii) Yanto Awerkion, iii) Wene Bahabol, iv) Messi Bahabol and v) Risal Simbu.